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Gardening Basics: Simply Put – Pansy Tough

The National Weather Service is forecasting a colder than usual winter for us this year, with average (or, unable to predict) precipitation. So we’ll see how our hardcore gardeners with Zone Denial do this year. Someday we’ll do an article on hardiness zones, but basically, the system is based on the coldest temperatures reached in winter for a given area, based on historical data. Plants are rated for their ability to survive the winter within a range of zones from 1 to 11, with 11 being tropical/Hawaii and 1 being very cold Alaska/Fairbanks.

In the Maryland suburbs, we are zone 7A, while in the center of DC, it may be 7B or even 8. If a plant is rated “zone 8,” it is unlikely to survive outdoors in winter in, say, Gaithersburg or Leesburg, but it might in DC. If it’s rated Zone 5, if it dies in our area, it won’t be because of temperature.

“Zone Denial” is planting things that are marginally winter hardy in an area and hoping they make it through, by mulching, planting against a south facing wall, praying, and so on. Some years they do, some they don’t. (“It grows in Mexico, maybe it’ll make it here, oh please oh please oh please.”) For the rest of us, we can plant flowers that are cold-temperature tolerant to start with, and, for that, nothing beats pansies.

Pansies flower and look their best in cool weather; that is, in fall and in spring. They may be either fall or spring-planted. They will usually be in bloom when you purchase them, and, If fall-planted, continue flowering into December or later. They stop blooming during the cold of winter, when temperatures are consistently below freezing, but if given some care, the plants will hunker down and survive the cold.

As the days get warmer in March, pansies begin to flower again, and look downright spectacular in April and into May. As the temperatures get hot going into summer, the plants get leggy (stretched) and the flowers get smaller. Flower breeders continue to make pansies more warm-temperature tolerant so they can be planted earlier in the fall and last later in the spring, but in our climate, they generally look so miserable in summer heat that gardeners replace them with summer annuals.

As recent immigrants from Germany in 1930, the Behnkes were used to fall-planting pansies, and promoted the idea here, where the practice was uncommon. Even early on, pansies were an important item for Behnke Nurseries, with tens of thousands of seedlings planted out in the ground or beds for sale in strawberry cartons in the fall.

The primary winter-care requirement is to make sure that the soil is watered if it gets dry. Pansies are shallow-rooted, so a couple of weeks without rain or snow signals the need for water. Same thing for your evergreen shrubs, especially broadleaf evergreens like camellias or rhododendrons. This has to be done when the ground isn’t frozen to do any good, preferably after several warm, sunny days that occur occasionally in winter. A light mulching in late fall will hold moisture in the soil and reduce frost heave. Frost heave occurs when the ground freezes and thaws, and the freezing squeezes rocks and recently planted plants out of the ground.

The other thing you can do for your pansies is reduce desiccation from the wind. “Desiccation” is drying out: you know that winter air has low humidity, causing your skin to dry out. Plants continue to lose moisture to the air, even if the ground is frozen, especially when planted in an exposed location and it’s windy. If they lose too much they reach what is called the “permanent wilting point.” This means they won’t revive even if watered; they’re dead; they’re pushing up daisies.

Snow is the best protection from wind, but if snow is lacking, to reduce the drying power of the wind, you can make a mini-windbreak. Another European and Behnke tradition, is to use leftover Christmas greens. Branches cut from a discarded Christmas tree and laid upon the pansy bed give protection from the wind while letting some light into the plants. If you don’t celebrate Christmas or you have an artificial tree, consider stopping at a Christmas tree lot after Christmas for a post-holiday special. At that point the tree will be cheap or free, as you are saving the lot owner the cost of disposing of the tree.

So: for loads of color in fall, and a repeat performance in spring, plant pansies, keep them watered through the winter, and if necessary, protect them from drying winter winds. And if you want to grow mangoes outdoors, move to Hawaii.

For JinCai secco JinCai pansy/fragrance of a flower, annual and biennial herb or cold cool and comfortable environment, bud light to 18 degrees Celsius temperature to 24 ° c, fitness for 5 degrees Celsius temperature grows to 20 degrees centigrade. Fragrant plant height, pansy / 10-20 cm long, YeJiSheng, handle, ovate to kidney, serrated blunt. Conventional greenhouse flowering in 2 – April, from base to spare, spend per peduncle 2-3 cm in diameter, color is rich, have deep purple, blue, pink and white, blue and yellow double-color, etc. P enny series standard of hybrid type fragrance, and flower seedlings growth tidy, pansy/about 15 centimeters high plant, branch, the exhibition about 25 cm. Early blooming flower, the number, diameter, flower pattern is beautiful, about 2.5 centimeters from sowing to blossom about 12 to 15 weeks, flowering continued to fall from the spring. Suitable for small bowl combined potted flower bowls, or decorate. More than any other similar varieties resistant to high temperature and cold. S plendid series, ground crawl blotchy growth can cover 30 square centimeters, flower diameter approximately 3 centimeters, than other big series, sustainable and spring. Suitable for flower arrangement or basket.

Sweet pansy

1.the preparation phase matrix is to have good choice of water and air, had better use the seedlings imports, such as special matrix 75% peat + 25 vermiculite/perlite or 50% peat + 50% vermiculite, PH value at 5.8-6.
Between the two. Hole tray can choose 128, 200, but make sweet 288 hole pansy/good seedling growth and cost savings for 200 hole hole best. 2 the first stage from sowing to radicle (3-5 days), first phase, root length to 0.32 to 0.64 centimeters. In order to ensure that the germination, should maintain high humidity matrix, but not saturated, matrix is conveyed to germinate. Temperature is 20 ° to the substrate, the EC 220c.best value is less than 0.5. Without light, sweet pansy/sprout after sowing in surface should therefore covering a thin layer of coarse vermiculite, to keep the humidity of matrix.
The second phase 3) from the first to the radicle long (6 – really leaves at 8 days) second stage, root length to 1.27 to 2.54 cm, they began to grow, cotyledons fully extended. The key is to make a point in a dry matrix cardinal. Therefore shall make matrix, but keep medium moisture with handle gently touch can still be seen on the surface of the matrix. If the matrix often maintain saturate state, will affect plant root growth and prevent absorption of oxygen. During the 20 degrees Celsius temperature for the substrate to 21 degrees Celsius, night for 18 degrees Celsius. Substrate EC value of 0.5-3/4. The need for 1000 intensity 0-12,000 Lux, night without light, otherwise flowering soon. When the first piece leaf began after fertilization, drawn nitrogen 50 to 75 PPM 13-2-13 PPM of 6-3 Mg fertilizers. Ca – After QuanMiao by broad-spectrum microbicides methyl Joe cloth tianjin root or spray irrigation, prevention blight and rot.
The third stage 4) from the first piece of leaf length to sprout (14-21 days late stage 3), root length to 3.81 5.08 cm, and began to intertwining, 3-4 piece leaf. Matrix remained moderate moisture, its temperature during the 20 ° c for 18 to 18 degrees Celsius, the night. Matrix in 0.75 to keep EC value of 1.0, because of excessive salt pansy/incense is very sensitive, avoid EC values greater than 1.5. The need for Lux 35,000 intensity. Alternate nitrogen application for 100 PPM – 150 XiaoSuanGai or nitrate fertilizer of PPM. Note prevention and nematodes of pests, including plant root available phosphorus, omethoate), wire filling etc.
May the fourth stage refined seedling stage 4 (7 days), root has filled the entire hole in the hole, the intertwining, average $2.54 cm plant. Avoid plant permanent wilting circumstance, make matrix in 24 hours after a dry-wet circulation process, to exercise seedling and ensure the root get enough oxygen. Night temperature should reduce the matrix to 15 degrees Celsius to early flowering. EC value in 0.75 to 1.0. Alternate nitrogen application for 100 PPM XiaoSuanGai or nitrate fertilizer of. Choose good drainage of the matrix, PH value keeping porous substrate to 6.2, at 5.8 when PH value is more than 6.5, easy cause root growth and root cause mildew beads, and black spots appear to lower leaves, Browning died, and even the whole plant in high temperature is more serious. Substrate EC value cannot exceed 1.5. Humidity in between two water slightly do allow matrix. If in low temperature and low illumination growth, should reduce watering frequency. In high temperature and strong light conditions, don’t let the plants died and permanent wilting. During the 20 degrees Celsius temperature temperature. The cold, cold winter season, 15 degrees Celsius temperature will advance the night blooming below 15 ° c, is making more robust, but will make growth and flowering delay lengthened. Fertilizer, 2-3 times per pouring water, 1 times of 100 PPM alternately to 150 PPM 15-0-15 and calcium 13-2-13 of 6-3 – Ca, Mg fertilizer application if necessary ammonia nitrogen fertilizer to promote plant extending outward. In the cold, cold conditions, ammonia nitrogen fertilizer root rot, leading to excessive nitrogenous fertilizer plants to cause moderate growth. Nutrient deformity or wrinkle leaves show, in order to prevent the situation of calcium, can be applied in pretransplant XiaoSuanGai or calcium sulfate. Lack of boron to root and stem tip growth growth inhibition, leaf shrinks, internodes, forming a shortened collateral. The lack of boron pansy/incense in the high temperature humidity, particularly sensitive to lack of boron, under the PH level than 6.0 can ensure matrix elements of boron, the stability and efficiency of plants to absorb the necessary for boron elements, also can spraying 0.1% of boric acid liquid. (note: excessive use paclobutrazol also easy to produce similar symptoms of boron and lack of calcium. Growth regulating sweet pansy/the growth of general need not use growth regulator, and in more than 32 degrees Celsius temperature conditions of use 5000 PPM is B9, qualitative blade deformity.
Insects are mainly aphids, ji, leucoptera flies, etc. Aphids can 10% over the net wetter 2000 times liquid or 2.5% kung fu pupa.the 2,000 to 3,000 times liquid, Blessed thistle horse with 1.8% love butyl 3,000 times liquid or pupa.the 50% kill bacillus loose had 1000 times liquid, Leucoptera flies by 40% chlorpyrifos ec or pupa.the LeSiBen 48% 1000 times liquid.
Diseases are mainly sudden fall ill, black, grey, root rot, etc. Sudden fall ill with 64% antivirus adenophylla wetter 500 times liquid, Black sea with 50% at because of wetter 1000-1500 times liquid or chlorothalonil 75% wetter 500-800 times liquid, Grey with 50% speed grams spirit wetter or 40 sclerotia net wetter 1000-1500 times liquid, Caused by 50% carbendazim wetter and mancozeb 70% wetter 500-800 times liquid.