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Many aquatic plants have common features of adaptation –
Adaptive characteristics of aquatic plants

Water environment and terrestrial environment is very different. Water environment with liquidity, moderate temperature, light intensity is weak, less oxygen and so on. Aquatic plants in the long process of evolution, the formation of a number of water environment compatible with the morphological structure, so it can propagate itself and in the whole plant taxa to occupy a certain position.

Water environment in weak light intensity, so aquatic plants, leaves are usually thinner, and some leaves, such as silk or a thin crack was linear; some showed ribbon; some leniency was transparent and shaped leaves, not only the distribution of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells is also distributed in the epidermal cells, and chloroplasts can be with the flow of protoplasm to the welcome smooth, so that the water can be used effectively weak light for photosynthesis.

Water environment in the air in the oxygen content of less than 1 / 20, in order to adapt to anoxic environment, aquatic plants have developed a ventilation system. Lotus leaf pores through the air of oxygen, oxygen into the leaves, lotus root of its oxygen concentration is higher than the oxygen concentration in the various organs of oxygen through the petiole aerenchyma was extending in all directions to spread underground to ensure that underground organ’s normal breathing and metabolism of需要. This ventilation system is an open type. The ventilation system is Ceratophyllum demersum are closed, the plants can store the carbon dioxide released when their breathing, the need for photosynthesis, while the oxygen released by photosynthesis, stored up, in order to meet the needs of breathing .

Aquatic plant somatic cell gap big, huge cavity and form a coherent system and filled with air, can supply the need of life activities, but also adjust buoyancy.

Aquatic plants is very easy to get water, so that their conducting tissue of vascular bundles have demonstrated varying degrees of degradation. Roots generally underdeveloped, there is no cuticle thicker leaf surface, wax, or bolt quality. Adequate moisture is favorable conditions for aquatic plants, but the water will be too many adverse consequences, so water plants have a drainage device, both as excess water can be excreted, but also continuously receive water, inorganic nutrients.

Many submerged plants are the size of the shape with the depth of the water change, such as Myriophyllum 10 cm deep in the water, it is only 10 centimeters in height and internode is very short, but at 2 meters deep in the water, its plants up to 2 meters. The adaptability of plants to water depth is very strong.

Because of abundant water, so aquatic plants vegetative reproduction accounts for an important position. Ceratophyllum was broken, water, duckweed and so can grow into a new strain of reeds and lotus rhizome can produce new strains, and some of the winter buds come through special breeding. Aquatic plants can also make sexual reproduction.

Many of the plants the seed and the fruit is spread through the movement of water. Such as the Gorgon fruit, there are more seeds, each piece wrapped in two layers of the seed well-developed and filled with air aril. When the peel rot, and the seeds shed floating on the water, drifting with the water, until the false seed coat damage, only to lose buoyancy, submerged in water, and in the mud in the winter, germinate and grow the following year, in new areas to develop.

Goldfish grass is a perennial Scrophulariaceae Antirrhinum majus herb, Yoshimitsu Ban Yin-resistant than the cold, not heat, origin of the Mediterranean. Antirrhinum majus, wide adaptability and less demanding on the soil, neutral to acidic soils may be normal growth. May in the Yangtze River south of the overwintering, the North need to protected winter, is winter and spring flower beds, reading glasses, an excellent choice.
Different varieties of Antirrhinum majus large difference in plant height, from the 20-70 cm range can meet a variety of flower beds on the plant height different requirements. And the same is the winter and spring flowering pansy, daisy, kale, calendula flowers and other low compared with obvious advantages. Antirrhinum majus’s color is very rich, almost every species has a dark red and rosy red, pink, deep yellow, yellow, orange, white, double color, etc. for flower beds provide a wide range of choices of color, their bright colors of the extent of only somewhat less than the pansy.
Based on personal preferences and flower beds need to select varieties of Antirrhinum majus. If the winter temperature for the growth of Antirrhinum majus, and there are no special requirements on the plant height, choose dwarf plant type Antirrhinum majus. Because dwarf plant type goldfish flower a long period, can reduce the workload for flowers. Such as in cold areas, goldfish, grass planted outdoors in the spring only, it should be under the flower bed on the plant height requirement to select varieties. There are dwarf plant type Antirrhinum majus ‘thumb Fairchild’, ‘Concerto’, ‘Huayu’, ‘Bells’, etc. In addition to these varieties are different colors, all the other characters was no significant difference. The beginning of the flowering plant height of 15 cm or so, post up to 25 cm, inflorescence length 8 cm, colored bright; middle and high plant type are mainly ‘poetry F1′, ‘Princess F1′, ‘ribbon’, ‘Rabe la ‘, etc. These varieties are also colors are different, and flowering time is about 45 cm height, post up to 70 cm, 20 cm long inflorescence, plant is more robust, higher heat resistance.
Antirrhinum breeding in order to sow the main, it can be cutting. Liqiu later, according to a planting flowering arrangements, the general dwarf plant type varieties can be, under short-day vernalization, from sowing to flowering of 90 days. High plant type varieties need to pass long-day vernalization, even in the beginning of autumn planting, but also be in March next year’s flowering, growing period for more than 120 days. Cutting propagation is clipping the branches to 15 cm or so ripe cuttings, about 15 natural roots, but the reproduction of plants irregular, generally do not. High temperatures during the seedling planting, pay attention to ventilation, cooling, timely shade. As the snapdragon seeds is very small, breeding more difficult, according to the author experience, in ordinary steel canopy planting (with film coverage), the import rate of seed into a seedling about 30%, domestic seeds in about 5%, while not high, but Basic no longer die after emergence. Snapdragon grow faster, we must promptly fertilization, when plants have 2-3 pairs of true leaf, when transplanted, grow to four pairs of leaves to remain the top three pairs of leaves to play, so that you can get a six flower heads into the flowers.
After the management of Antirrhinum majus flowers. Flowering of the goldfish could be planting grass into the flower bed, the dwarf plant type of plant space of 20 cm in length, the spacing in the rows of plant type Antirrhinum majus 25 cm. Inflorescence an open-end flowers, together with three pairs of leaves under the inflorescence with the cut, you can re-bloom. Because each inflorescence flowering time differential, it can bloom continuously throughout the flower beds. A general fertilizer once every two weeks facilities to supplement their diets.
Antirrhinum majus Yoshimitsu, joy and dry during the winter rainy south easy disease. Case of raining weather, there is always about 5% of the plants were dead stem rot, especially the dwarf plant type Antirrhinum higher death rates, can be sprayed once every two weeks to conduct prevention and treatment of carbendazim. Plenty of sunlight, can guarantee snapdragon bloom so strong, in the event after the beginning of the snow, sunny, its colors more vivid.